How do Water Sources Become Polluted?
Water is most severely threatened by pollution among the natural resources. As water flows along rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs or springs, naturally occurring minerals dissolve gradually and, in some cases, radioactive materials resulting from the presence of animal or human activity can be picked up.

Containments that may be present in source water include organic and inorganic substances.

Some organic water pollutants are:

• Insecticides and herbicides, a huge range of orgaanohalide and other chemicals
• Bacteria, from sewage or livestock operations
• Food processing waste, including pathogens
• Tree and brush debris from logging operations
• VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds), industrial solvents from improper storage

Some Inorganic water pollutants include:

• Heavy metals including acid mine drainage
• Acidity caused by industrial discharges (especially sulphur dioxide from power plants)
• Chemicals waste as industrial by-products
• Fertilizers runoff from agriculture including nitrates and phosphates
• Silt in surface runoff from construction sites, logging, slash and burn practices or land clearing

Effects of Water Pollution

Spread Diseases
Polluted water is dangerous to human health. People who drink polluted water may be infected by waterborne diseases such as cholera, diarrhea or typhoid.

Affect vital body organs
Almost all water pollutants are hazardous to humans. Listed below are some water pollutants and their effects on human health.

Lead
Infants and children – Delays in physical or mental development, children could shows slight deficits in attention span and learning abilities

Mercury
Kidney Damage

Sodium
Cardiovascular diseases

Nitrates
“Blue Baby” Syndrome on Infants (blood disorders);digestive tract cancer

DDT
Toxic to humans and can alter chromosomes

PCB’s
Liver and nerve damage, skin eruptions, vomiting, fever, diarrhoea, and fatal abnormalities

Harmful chemicals such as pesticides from agriculture and heavy metals like lead and mercury from industries can accumulate in the food chain where they reach toxic levels in fish and other sea animals.

Jeopardise aquatic life
Polluted water kills fish, shrimp, and other aquatic life and destroys coastal vegetation. This means fewer fish to eat and the loss of livelihood.

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