All living organisms need water. Water is essential for most biochemical reactions that occur in living creatures. A human can live for more than a month without food, but only for a few days without water. A 2% loss of water in our body cells could cause a 20% decrease in energy level. Without water, life would not exist.

Water Content in Human Body
About 70% of an adult human body weight is water. Water amount varies according to age, body composition and gender. As we come of age, the ratio of body weight to water gradually declines.

Therefore, age is one of the factors that determine the percentage of water in our body. Other factors include ratio of muscle tissue and fat tissue in our body. Lean tissue (muscle) contains more water than fat tissue. Therefore, the leaner the individual the higher the water proportion. Men, who have more lean tissue than women, have a higher percentage of water than women do.

Table below show details of the main organs in human body and percentage of water found in each organ.

Information below shows details of the main organs in human body and percentage of water found in each organ.

• Blood – 90%
• Bones – 22%
• Brain – 85%
• Heart – 77%
• Kidneys – 82%
• Liver – 70%
• Lungs – 80%
• Muscles – 75%
• Skin – 71%

Functions of Water in Human Body
Water is the key to all body functions. Getting enough water is important to achieve optimal health. It continually maintains and regulates our body system through the following functions.

• Helps to regulate body temperature through perspiration, which dissipates excess heat & cools our body.
• Helps to transport nutrients, hormones, drugs and oxygen through the blood stream and lymphatic system
• Carries waste elements from the body.
• Lubricates the joints
• Helps to cushion body organs and tissues.
• Helps to control blood pressure by balancing the body’s electrolytes.
• Keeps body organs such as the mouth, eyes, nose and skin moist.\
• It is parts of blood, saliva, digestive juices, lymph, amniotic fluid, and urine.

Effect of Dehydration on Health
It is very important to stay hydrated. Unintentional dehydration can lead to chronic illnesses and diseases. When your body is dehydrated, `it will scavenge water from your vital organs. Each dehydrated organ may cause a side effect or symptom that will usually lead to negative health effects on one’s body.

Proper hydration can help lessen many problems including: constipation, heartburn, stomach ulcers, arthritis, headaches, low back pain, neck pain, fatigue, asthma, gastrointestinal upset, acne or skin rashes and allergies.

Effects of Water Pollution

• Spread Diseases

Polluted water is dangerous to human health. People who drink polluted water may be infected by waterborne diseases such as cholera, diarrhea or typhoid

Affect vital body organs

Almost all water pollutants are hazardous to humans. Listed below are some water pollutants and their effects on human health.

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